Confirmed reservoirs of animal viruses

Nardus Mollentze, Daniel Streicker

Last updated on 13 Nov 2020

Currently accepted reservoir orders for viruses infecting mammals and birds. See Mollentze & Streicker (2020) for methodological details.

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Adenoviridae18
Arenaviridae31
Arteriviridae4
Asfarviridae1
Astroviridae8
Caliciviridae10
Circoviridae2
Coronaviridae17
Filoviridae3
Flaviviridae41
Hantaviridae16
Hepadnaviridae3
Hepeviridae5
Herpesviridae50
Nairoviridae3
Orthomyxoviridae3
Papillomaviridae15
Paramyxoviridae31
Parvoviridae11
Peribunyaviridae8
Phenuiviridae1
Picornaviridae27
Pneumoviridae3
Polyomaviridae5
Poxviridae21
Reoviridae17
Retroviridae28
Rhabdoviridae26
Tobaniviridae3
Togaviridae18

Showing 1 to 30 of 30 entries


Alphaarterivirus1
Alphacoronavirus8
Alphainfluenzavirus3
Alphapapillomavirus1
Alphapolyomavirus2
Alphavirus18
Amdoparvovirus1
Aphthovirus2
Aquamavirus1
Asfivirus1
Atadenovirus3
Avastrovirus3
Avihepatovirus1
Avisivirus2
Betaarterivirus1
Betacoronavirus7
Betapolyomavirus2
Betaretrovirus5
Bocaparvovirus2
Bovispumavirus1
Capripoxvirus3
Cardiovirus2
Circovirus2
Coltivirus1
Cuevavirus1
Cytomegalovirus3
Deltaarterivirus1
Deltacoronavirus1
Deltapapillomavirus4
Deltaretrovirus4
Dependoparvovirus1
Ebolavirus1
Enterovirus6
Ephemerovirus3
Epsilonpapillomavirus1
Equispumavirus1
Erbovirus1
Erythroparvovirus3
Felispumavirus1
Flavivirus30
Gammaarterivirus1
Gammacoronavirus1
Gammaretrovirus6
Hapavirus1
Henipavirus5
Hepatovirus2
Iotapapillomavirus1
Kappapapillomavirus2
Kobuvirus1
Lagovirus2
Lambdapapillomavirus2
Ledantevirus3
Lentivirus7
Leporipoxvirus3
Lymphocryptovirus6
Lyssavirus12
Macavirus4
Mamastrovirus5
Mammarenavirus31
Marburgvirus1
Mastadenovirus15
Metaavulavirus3
Metapneumovirus1
Mischivirus2
Morbillivirus6
Muromegalovirus2
Nebovirus1
No Data5
Norovirus3
Omikronpapillomavirus1
Orbivirus8
Orthoavulavirus1
Orthobunyavirus8
Orthohantavirus16
Orthohepadnavirus3
Orthohepevirus5
Orthonairovirus3
Orthopneumovirus2
Orthopoxvirus7
Orthoreovirus2
Orthorubulavirus3
Oscivirus1
Paraavulavirus2
Parapoxvirus4
Pararubulavirus8
Parechovirus1
Pegivirus4
Percavirus3
Pestivirus7
Phlebovirus1
Pipapillomavirus1
Protoparvovirus4
Respirovirus3
Rhadinovirus5
Rotavirus5
Sakobuvirus1
Sapelovirus1
Sapovirus1
Seadornavirus1
Sicinivirus1
Simiispumavirus3
Simplexvirus8
Suipoxvirus1
Teschovirus1
Tibrovirus2
Torovirus3
Tremovirus1
Varicellovirus16
Vesiculovirus5
Vesivirus3
Xipapillomavirus1
Yatapoxvirus2
Zetapapillomavirus1

Showing 1 to 113 of 113 entries


Anseriformes6
Carnivora34
Cetartiodactyla112
Chiroptera54
Diprotodontia8
Galliformes14
Lagomorpha7
Passeriformes10
Perissodactyla22
Primates57
Rodentia105


False294
True135

Species	Family	Genus	Reservoir order	Vector-borne	Zoonotic	Reference (reservoir)	Reference (vector)
Achimota pararubulavirus 1	Paramyxoviridae	Pararubulavirus	Chiroptera	False	False	Babayan SA, Orton RJ, Streicker DG (2018). Predicting Reservoir Hosts and Arthropod Vectors from Evolutionary Signatures in RNA Virus Genomes. Science, 362(6414), 577-580. ISSN 0036-8075, doi: 10.1126/science.aap9072.
Achimota pararubulavirus 2	Paramyxoviridae	Pararubulavirus	Chiroptera	False	False	Babayan SA, Orton RJ, Streicker DG (2018). Predicting Reservoir Hosts and Arthropod Vectors from Evolutionary Signatures in RNA Virus Genomes. Science, 362(6414), 577-580. ISSN 0036-8075, doi: 10.1126/science.aap9072.
Adeno-associated dependoparvovirus B	Parvoviridae	Dependoparvovirus	Cetartiodactyla	False	False	Schmidt M, Katano H, Bossis I, Chiorini JA (2004). Cloning and Characterization of a Bovine Adeno-Associated Virus. Gene Therapy, 78(12), 6509-6516. doi: 10.1128/JVI.78.12.6509.
African horse sickness virus	Reoviridae	Orbivirus	Perissodactyla	True	False	Mellor PS, Hamblin C (2004). African Horse Sickness. Veterinary Research, 35(4), 445-466. ISSN 09284249, doi: 10.1051/vetres:2004021.	Mellor PS, Hamblin C (2004). African Horse Sickness. Veterinary Research, 35(4), 445-466. ISSN 09284249, doi: 10.1051/vetres:2004021.
African swine fever virus	Asfarviridae	Asfivirus	Cetartiodactyla	True	False	Costard S, Mur L, Lubroth J, Sanchez-Vizcaino JM, Pfeiffer DU (2013). Epidemiology of African Swine Fever Virus. Virus Research, 173(1), 191-197. ISSN 01681702, doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.10.030.	Costard S, Mur L, Lubroth J, Sanchez-Vizcaino JM, Pfeiffer DU (2013). Epidemiology of African Swine Fever Virus. Virus Research, 173(1), 191-197. ISSN 01681702, doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.10.030.
Aichivirus A	Picornaviridae	Kobuvirus	Carnivora	False	False	Babayan SA, Orton RJ, Streicker DG (2018). Predicting Reservoir Hosts and Arthropod Vectors from Evolutionary Signatures in RNA Virus Genomes. Science, 362(6414), 577-580. ISSN 0036-8075, doi: 10.1126/science.aap9072.
Akabane orthobunyavirus	Peribunyaviridae	Orthobunyavirus	Cetartiodactyla	True	False	Babayan SA, Orton RJ, Streicker DG (2018). Predicting Reservoir Hosts and Arthropod Vectors from Evolutionary Signatures in RNA Virus Genomes. Science, 362(6414), 577-580. ISSN 0036-8075, doi: 10.1126/science.aap9072.	Babayan SA, Orton RJ, Streicker DG (2018). Predicting Reservoir Hosts and Arthropod Vectors from Evolutionary Signatures in RNA Virus Genomes. Science, 362(6414), 577-580. ISSN 0036-8075, doi: 10.1126/science.aap9072.
Alagoas vesiculovirus	Rhabdoviridae	Vesiculovirus	Cetartiodactyla	True	True	Babayan SA, Orton RJ, Streicker DG (2018). Predicting Reservoir Hosts and Arthropod Vectors from Evolutionary Signatures in RNA Virus Genomes. Science, 362(6414), 577-580. ISSN 0036-8075, doi: 10.1126/science.aap9072.	Babayan SA, Orton RJ, Streicker DG (2018). Predicting Reservoir Hosts and Arthropod Vectors from Evolutionary Signatures in RNA Virus Genomes. Science, 362(6414), 577-580. ISSN 0036-8075, doi: 10.1126/science.aap9072.
Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1	Herpesviridae	Macavirus	Cetartiodactyla	False	False	Knipe DM, Howley P (eds.) (2013). Fields Virology, Sixth edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. Heuschele WP, Oosterhuis J, Anderson MP, Swansen M, Fletcher HR (1984). Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Wild Ruminants. In Ryder OA, Byrd ML (eds.), One Medicine, 296-308. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-642-61749-2. O’Toole D, Li H (2014). The Pathology of Malignant Catarrhal Fever, With an Emphasis on Ovine Herpesvirus 2. Veterinary Pathology, 51(2), 437-452. ISSN 03009858, doi: 10.1177/0300985813520435.
Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 2	Herpesviridae	Macavirus	Cetartiodactyla	False	False	O’Toole D, Li H (2014). The Pathology of Malignant Catarrhal Fever, With an Emphasis on Ovine Herpesvirus 2. Veterinary Pathology, 51(2), 437-452. ISSN 03009858, doi: 10.1177/0300985813520435.
Allpahuayo mammarenavirus	Arenaviridae	Mammarenavirus	Rodentia	False	False	Babayan SA, Orton RJ, Streicker DG (2018). Predicting Reservoir Hosts and Arthropod Vectors from Evolutionary Signatures in RNA Virus Genomes. Science, 362(6414), 577-580. ISSN 0036-8075, doi: 10.1126/science.aap9072.
Alphaarterivirus equid	Arteriviridae	Alphaarterivirus	Perissodactyla	False	False	Knipe DM, Howley P (eds.) (2013). Fields Virology, Sixth edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia.
Alphacoronavirus 1	Coronaviridae	Alphacoronavirus	Carnivora	False	False	Babayan SA, Orton RJ, Streicker DG (2018). Predicting Reservoir Hosts and Arthropod Vectors from Evolutionary Signatures in RNA Virus Genomes. Science, 362(6414), 577-580. ISSN 0036-8075, doi: 10.1126/science.aap9072.
Alphapapillomavirus 12	Papillomaviridae	Alphapapillomavirus	Primates	False	False	Knipe DM, Howley P (eds.) (2013). Fields Virology, Sixth edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. Bernard HU, Burk RD, Chen Z, van Doorslaer K, zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM (2010). Classification of Papillomaviruses (PVs) Based on 189 PV Types and Proposal of Taxonomic Amendments. Virology, 401(1), 70-79. ISSN 00426822, doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.02.002.
American bat vesiculovirus	Rhabdoviridae	Vesiculovirus	Chiroptera	False	False	Babayan SA, Orton RJ, Streicker DG (2018). Predicting Reservoir Hosts and Arthropod Vectors from Evolutionary Signatures in RNA Virus Genomes. Science, 362(6414), 577-580. ISSN 0036-8075, doi: 10.1126/science.aap9072.	Babayan SA, Orton RJ, Streicker DG (2018). Predicting Reservoir Hosts and Arthropod Vectors from Evolutionary Signatures in RNA Virus Genomes. Science, 362(6414), 577-580. ISSN 0036-8075, doi: 10.1126/science.aap9072.

Showing 1 to 15 of 429 entries

Confirmed reservoirs of animal viruses

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